El crecimiento de la industria vegana en Chile
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Hace pocos años no era fácil encontrar en cadenas de supermercados productos alternativos a la hegemónica carne, haciendo difícil para los consumidores contar con alternativas asequibles y variadas para modificar su dieta. Hoy el panorama es distinto: en conmemoración de un nuevo día del veganismo (1 de noviembre) es posible apreciar una oferta cada vez más consolidada que se sustenta en dos pilares. Por una parte, la cada vez más frecuente incorporación de tecnología y, por otra, un cambio cultural en la población que ve con interés su potencial.
Jazmín Silva, creadora de Las Cocineras Metaleras (@lascocinerasmetaleras), señala que cuando decidió dejar fuera de su plato todos los ingredientes de origen animal, hace ya 16 años, el veganismo era algo desconocido para la sociedad chilena. “No podías ir a un restaurante y preguntar por alternativas veganas; al final era más fácil pedir un salteado de verduras sin mantequilla. Tú ibas a comer sabiendo que no iban a haber opciones veganas”, recuerda sobre esa época.
En la actualidad, el panorama es otro: no solo los menús de restaurantes y picadas consideran a aquellos que no comen carne, sino que es muy fácil encontrar en grandes supermercados, incluso en almacenes de barrio, productos alternativos. De hecho, la start up chilena Not Co. se ha hecho conocida a nivel internacional por presentar alimentos hechos a base de plantas, los que se pueden encontrar en diferentes países de América.
De acuerdo a Mariam Riera, especialista en Desarrollo de Proyectos y Productos del Centro Tecnológico para la Innovación Alimentaria (CeTA), este fenómeno no responde a una simple moda, porque este tipo de alimentación ha sido promovida durante muchos años en Chile. Según la especialista, en la actualidad “ha adquirido más adeptos debido a la mayor difusión de información, y preocupación por parte de los consumidores, por temas medioambientales, de salud y bienestar animal”.
Aprendiendo a cocinar
Los animales fueron la causa de que Jazmín decidiera dejar de comer productos de origen animal. A los 21 años, esta intérprete de conferencia se motivó a incursionar en el veganismo, sorteando una serie de dificultades propias de la época. Por ejemplo, había poca información en español sobre el tema, la que existía estaba en otros idiomas y también adaptada a la realidad de sus países de origen que poco tenía que ver con Chile. Por otra parte, tampoco existía una comunidad de veganos consolidada en nuestro país con la cual dialogar.
Valiéndose de su profesión, Jazmín consideró que la mejor forma de facilitar una transición a esta alimentación era escribiendo información sobre cómo alimentarse bien a través de la página web Fuente Vegana.
“En esa época el tema que más me preocupaba era justamente lo nutricional, porque conocías personas que se hacían veganas y no sabían que tenían que suplementarse con B12, o que iban al médico y no sabían qué cosas preguntar. Así que traduje información básica y confiable para que la gente que se hiciera vegana estuviera sana, porque mi mayor miedo era que dejaran de serlo por problemas de salud”, explica.
Tras considerar que el sitio web había cumplido su ciclo vital, Jazmín comenzó Las Cocineras Metaleras, un proyecto que a la fecha ya supera los 44 mil seguidores solo en Instagram. De manera periódica va subiendo diferentes recetas que tienen como fin poder comer rico sin tener que considerar lácteos, carnes o huevos en la receta.
“Yo veía en otros países que era positivo ser vegano, y siento que recién en Chile estamos avanzando en esa línea. Sé de personas que no son veganas, pero compran productos veganos porque creen que es mejor para el medioambiente, para los animales o para su salud, y no les cuesta porque por fin hay alternativas. Ahora el término vegano está adquiriendo una connotación más positiva”, detalla Jazmín.
El desarrollo de la industria
Veganuary es una iniciativa internacional que invita a las personas a probar el veganismo durante el mes de enero, además de coordinar y promover diferentes actividades. Según cifras entregadas este año por la organización, nuestro país lidera a nivel latinoamericano la oferta de productos veganos, creciendo un 8% durante los últimos 4 años.
Además del creciente interés por parte de la población por este tipo de dietas, Mariam Riera, especialista en Desarrollo de Proyectos y Productos de CeTA, indica que Chile cuenta con un gran potencial para desarrollar este tipo de productos: “en nuestro país tenemos factores claves, como capital humano avanzado, tecnologías disponibles, incentivos que permiten disminuir el riesgo en innovaciones que presentan alta incertidumbre tecnológica, apoyo en las distintas fases de un emprendimiento y una industria alimentaria cada vez más abierta a generar innovación colaborativa”, detalla.
Sobre esta gran oferta que actualmente se aprecia en Chile, Riera agrega que el fenómeno está asociado al desarrollo que ha tenido el país en materia de innovación, alentado por la construcción de un ecosistema robusto que apoya desde distintas aristas a empresas y emprendedores para generar nuevos productos.
“En el desarrollo de productos plant-based existe una gran combinación entre la utilización de tecnologías tradicionales de una manera no convencional, la extracción y/o utilización de ingredientes que pueden imitar alguna funcionalidad de sabor o textura y la aplicación de nuevas tecnologías. En este sentido, en Chile contamos con investigadores enfocados en el desarrollo de estas soluciones y con capacidades instaladas en centros como CeTA, que disponibilizan tecnologías a nivel piloto, lo que permite generar una mayor cantidad de pruebas con menos recursos involucrados, factores claves en el proceso de innovación”, explica Riera.
Por otra parte, la especialista indica que Chile será uno de los pocos países de Latinoamérica que contará con la tecnología de cocción por extrusión con alto contenido de humedad (HMEC, por sus siglas en inglés), que permite procesar ingredientes proteicos funcionales para convertirlos en texturas similares a las de la carne.
Miles de alternativas
“Ser vegano hace unos años era complejo y frustrante: porque tenías que dedicar mucho tiempo a cocinar, prescindir de muchos alimentos de gusto común, tener que llevar siempre tu comida a reuniones sociales, entre muchas otras situaciones. Si bien la alimentación vegana es bastante variada, llena de sabores nuevos e increíbles, el uso o consumo de productos derivados de animales se encuentra muy arraigado a nuestra cultura y gustos personales, así como también a la industria alimentaria chilena”, puntualiza la especialista de CeTA.
Si bien el cambio no es sencillo y no es factible que sea de la noche a la mañana, Jazmín, por su parte, indica que las cada vez más accesibles opciones que se encuentran en supermercados facilitan mucho el cambio.
“Creo que es muy alentador, porque si bien a los veganos viejos ya no nos llaman tanto la atención estas cosas, siento que para la gente nueva estos productos ayudan un montón para lograr ese cambio de switch. Es hermoso pensar que una persona está pensando en cambiar su alimentación por motivos medioambientales, por los animales o por su propia salud y que puedan comerse una hamburguesa que a ellos les sabe como hamburguesa, porque así se les hace más fácil el cambio. Creo que es importante que existan estos productos para que la gente se atreva a dar un primer paso”, opina la creadora de Las Cocineras Metaleras.
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