Carne análoga elaborada en base a plantas, snacks de ingredientes recuperados bajo el concepto de economía circular como cereales para el desayuno hechos de residuos de cebada, y obtención de ingredientes naturales para productos etiqueta limpia son algunas de las alternativas más sanas, económicas, sustentables y accesibles para todos detectadas en el estudio.
Según un reciente informe de las Naciones Unidas, el número de personas que padecen hambre en el mundo creció hasta alcanzar los 828 millones en 2021, lo que supone un aumento de unos 46 millones desde 2020. Para revertir estas cifras, se hace urgente una transformación de la industria de los alimentos, con alternativas más sanas, económicas, sustentables y accesibles para todos.
Bajo este panorama, el Centro Tecnológico para la Innovación Alimentaria (CeTA), corporación público-privada sin fines de lucro de alcance nacional dedicada a proveer un futuro con mejores alimentos, identificó tres tendencias de la alimentación del futuro. El objetivo es inspirar a los consumidores a adoptarlas, y a tomar conciencia de los desafíos que nuestro mundo está enfrentando.
Las tres tendencias de alimentación del futuro identificadas por CeTA Alimentos son:
• Carne análoga
• Snacks de ingredientes recuperados – concepto de economía circular
• Obtención de ingredientes naturales para productos etiqueta limpia
1. Carne análoga
“Carne análoga” es el término utilizado para denominar los alimentos sin proteínas de la carne que buscan imitar sus características, tanto en aspectos sensoriales como nutricionales. Estos productos son formulados en base a la combinación de ingredientes vegetales (denominados plant based) y deben pasar un proceso llamado extrusión. Y el Centro Tecnológico para la Innovación Alimentaria es la única organización en Chile que tiene una plataforma para pilotos de extrusión húmeda, por lo que apoya diversos proyectos que innovan en esta línea. En este proceso el primer paso es alimentar la proteína en polvo a través de la entrada de la extrusora con agua o aceites. Posterior a este paso los ingredientes se mezclan y calientan, dando lugar a una masa fundida. La masa fundida es sometida a un flujo de cizallamiento, siendo este paso clave para la formación de las fibras, para que luego la masa de proteínas se enfríe y salga del extrusor una textura muy similar a la carne. De esta forma, se obtiene un auténtico sabor a carne con productos a base de plantas. Algunos de los productos análogos cárnicos que se pueden lograr son: carne molida o picada, trozos de pollo, cecinas. Se estima que el mercado mundial de sustitutos para la carne alcanzará en 2027 los 4.000 millones de dólares.
2. Snacks de ingredientes recuperados
Según la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura, entre 1/4 y 1/3 de los alimentos que se producen al año para el consumo humano se pierde o se desperdicia a nivel mundial. Por esto, el desperdicio de comida es hoy una de las grandes problemáticas. Ante esta realidad, CeTA Alimentos se dedicó a apoyar emprendedores enfocados en el desarrollo de snacks a partir del uso de descartes o residuos alimentarios. En los centros de innovación de CeTA hemos trabajado con emprendedores en el desarrollo de diversos alimentos que evitan el desperdicio de materias primas o que permiten recuperar descartes de frutas o verduras. De esta forma, estamos creando alimentos saludables, que aportan vitaminas, minerales, fibra y antioxidantes a quien los consume y, a la vez, generan beneficios para el medioambiente. Por ejemplo, aprovechando al máximo el bagazo de cebada, subproducto que corresponde a cerca del 25% de la producción de cerveza, la pyme Cervecería Triunfo está desarrollando un cereal para el desayuno con la adición de bagazo de cebada y propiedades saludables, junto a un componente de economía circular. Este proyecto de innovación que realizó junto a CeTA contempló el prototipado, escalado productivo, validación nutricional y sensorial de este cereal de desayuno, constituyendo una importante propuesta de valor hacia la producción sustentable de cerveza. De esta forma, actualmente el producto de snack dulce se encuentra en búsqueda de inversionistas para seguir avanzando en su proceso de maquila, mientras en paralelo se desarrolla una alternativa de snack salado.
3. Obtención de ingredientes naturales para productos etiqueta limpia
La etiqueta limpia conocida también como “Clean Label” es parte de una tendencia comercial que busca responder la preocupación de los consumidores por preferir alimentos saludables, con ingredientes de origen natural. Sus etiquetas presentan una lista corta de ingredientes y sin aditivos superfluos, con información comprensible para el consumidor interesado en la composición de lo que está a punto de comprar, y que sea posible leer y comprender, sin necesidad de traducción. Por medio de tecnologías como concentración al vacío, líneas de emulsión y el secado al vacío asistido por microondas, se pueden obtener ingredientes naturales que se incorporan dentro de una matriz alimentaria, a fin de que el producto final sea etiqueta limpia. Esta tendencia ha conseguido una gran relevancia en los consumidores, esencialmente porque responden a la necesidad de todas las personas que han tomado conciencia de su alimentación, y se estima que en los próximos años se convertirá en el nuevo estándar de la industria alimenticia.
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